SQLite für lokales CAPTCHA löst Caching und Tracking

SQLite erfordert keine Servereinrichtung, wird mit Python geliefert und verarbeitet Tausende von Schreibvorgängen pro Sekunde. Dies ist die schnellste Möglichkeit, einem CAPTCHA-Lösungsworkflow lokale Lösungsverfolgung, Token-Caching und Anforderungsdeduplizierung hinzuzufügen.

Wann sollte SQLite verwendet werden?

Schema-Design

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS captcha_solves (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    captcha_id TEXT,
    type TEXT NOT NULL,
    sitekey TEXT,
    pageurl TEXT,
    status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'submitted',
    solution TEXT,
    error TEXT,
    submitted_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
    solved_at TEXT,
    elapsed_ms INTEGER,
    polls INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
    project TEXT
);

CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_submitted_at ON captcha_solves(submitted_at);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_type_status ON captcha_solves(type, status);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sitekey ON captcha_solves(sitekey);

-- Token cache for reuse within TTL
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS token_cache (
    sitekey TEXT NOT NULL,
    pageurl TEXT NOT NULL,
    token TEXT NOT NULL,
    created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
    expires_at TEXT NOT NULL,
    used INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
    PRIMARY KEY (sitekey, pageurl, token)
);

CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_cache_lookup
ON token_cache(sitekey, pageurl, used, expires_at);

Python-Implementierung

Datenbank-Setup

import os
import time
import sqlite3
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import requests

DB_PATH = os.environ.get("CAPTCHA_DB", "captcha_solves.db")
API_KEY = os.environ["CAPTCHAAI_API_KEY"]


def get_db():
    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)
    conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
    conn.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")  # Better concurrent read performance
    conn.execute("PRAGMA busy_timeout=5000")
    return conn


def init_db():
    conn = get_db()
    conn.executescript("""
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS captcha_solves (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            captcha_id TEXT,
            type TEXT NOT NULL,
            sitekey TEXT,
            pageurl TEXT,
            status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'submitted',
            solution TEXT,
            error TEXT,
            submitted_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
            solved_at TEXT,
            elapsed_ms INTEGER,
            polls INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
            project TEXT
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_submitted_at ON captcha_solves(submitted_at);
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_type_status ON captcha_solves(type, status);

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS token_cache (
            sitekey TEXT NOT NULL,
            pageurl TEXT NOT NULL,
            token TEXT NOT NULL,
            created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
            expires_at TEXT NOT NULL,
            used INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
            PRIMARY KEY (sitekey, pageurl, token)
        );
        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_cache_lookup
        ON token_cache(sitekey, pageurl, used, expires_at);
    """)
    conn.close()

init_db()

Lösen und verfolgen

def solve_recaptcha(sitekey, pageurl, project=None):
    conn = get_db()

    # Check cache first
    cached = get_cached_token(conn, sitekey, pageurl)
    if cached:
        conn.close()
        return cached

    # Insert tracking record
    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
    cursor = conn.execute(
        "INSERT INTO captcha_solves (type, sitekey, pageurl, submitted_at, project) "
        "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
        ("recaptcha_v2", sitekey, pageurl, now, project)
    )
    row_id = cursor.lastrowid
    conn.commit()

    # Submit to CaptchaAI
    resp = requests.post("https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php", data={
        "key": API_KEY,
        "method": "userrecaptcha",
        "googlekey": sitekey,
        "pageurl": pageurl,
        "json": 1
    })
    data = resp.json()

    if data.get("status") != 1:
        conn.execute(
            "UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, error=? WHERE id=?",
            ("error", data.get("request"), row_id)
        )
        conn.commit()
        conn.close()
        return None

    captcha_id = data["request"]
    conn.execute(
        "UPDATE captcha_solves SET captcha_id=?, status=? WHERE id=?",
        (captcha_id, "polling", row_id)
    )
    conn.commit()

    # Poll
    polls = 0
    for _ in range(60):
        time.sleep(5)
        polls += 1
        result = requests.get("https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php", params={
            "key": API_KEY, "action": "get",
            "id": captcha_id, "json": 1
        }).json()

        if result.get("status") == 1:
            solved_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
            submitted = datetime.fromisoformat(now)
            elapsed = int((datetime.now(timezone.utc) - submitted).total_seconds() * 1000)

            conn.execute(
                "UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, solution=?, solved_at=?, "
                "elapsed_ms=?, polls=? WHERE id=?",
                ("solved", result["request"], solved_at, elapsed, polls, row_id)
            )
            # Cache the token
            cache_token(conn, sitekey, pageurl, result["request"])
            conn.commit()
            conn.close()
            return result["request"]

        if result.get("request") != "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
            conn.execute(
                "UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, error=?, polls=? WHERE id=?",
                ("error", result.get("request"), polls, row_id)
            )
            conn.commit()
            conn.close()
            return None

    conn.execute(
        "UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, polls=? WHERE id=?",
        ("timeout", polls, row_id)
    )
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    return None

Token-Caching

def cache_token(conn, sitekey, pageurl, token, ttl_seconds=90):
    expires_at = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=ttl_seconds)).isoformat()
    conn.execute(
        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO token_cache (sitekey, pageurl, token, expires_at) "
        "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
        (sitekey, pageurl, token, expires_at)
    )


def get_cached_token(conn, sitekey, pageurl):
    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
    row = conn.execute(
        "SELECT token FROM token_cache "
        "WHERE sitekey=? AND pageurl=? AND used=0 AND expires_at > ? "
        "ORDER BY expires_at ASC LIMIT 1",
        (sitekey, pageurl, now)
    ).fetchone()

    if row:
        conn.execute(
            "UPDATE token_cache SET used=1 WHERE token=?",
            (row["token"],)
        )
        conn.commit()
        return row["token"]
    return None

Analytics-Abfragen

def get_stats(hours=24):
    conn = get_db()
    cutoff = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(hours=hours)).isoformat()

    total = conn.execute(
        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM captcha_solves WHERE submitted_at >= ?", (cutoff,)
    ).fetchone()[0]

    solved = conn.execute(
        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM captcha_solves WHERE submitted_at >= ? AND status='solved'",
        (cutoff,)
    ).fetchone()[0]

    avg_time = conn.execute(
        "SELECT AVG(elapsed_ms) FROM captcha_solves "
        "WHERE submitted_at >= ? AND status='solved'",
        (cutoff,)
    ).fetchone()[0]

    conn.close()
    return {
        "total": total,
        "solved": solved,
        "success_rate": (solved / total * 100) if total else 0,
        "avg_time_ms": round(avg_time) if avg_time else 0
    }


def cleanup_old_records(days=30):
    conn = get_db()
    cutoff = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=days)).isoformat()
    conn.execute("DELETE FROM captcha_solves WHERE submitted_at < ?", (cutoff,))
    conn.execute("DELETE FROM token_cache WHERE expires_at < ?",
                 (datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),))
    conn.execute("VACUUM")
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()

JavaScript-Implementierung

const Database = require("better-sqlite3");
const axios = require("axios");

const db = new Database(process.env.CAPTCHA_DB || "captcha_solves.db");
const API_KEY = process.env.CAPTCHAAI_API_KEY;

db.pragma("journal_mode = WAL");
db.exec(`
  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS captcha_solves (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    captcha_id TEXT, type TEXT NOT NULL, sitekey TEXT, pageurl TEXT,
    status TEXT DEFAULT 'submitted', solution TEXT, error TEXT,
    submitted_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
    solved_at TEXT, elapsed_ms INTEGER, polls INTEGER DEFAULT 0
  );
  CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_submitted ON captcha_solves(submitted_at);
`);

async function solveAndStore(sitekey, pageurl) {
  const submittedAt = new Date().toISOString();
  const insert = db.prepare(
    "INSERT INTO captcha_solves (type, sitekey, pageurl, submitted_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)"
  );
  const { lastInsertRowid } = insert.run("recaptcha_v2", sitekey, pageurl, submittedAt);

  const submit = await axios.post("https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php", null, {
    params: { key: API_KEY, method: "userrecaptcha", googlekey: sitekey, pageurl, json: 1 },
  });

  if (submit.data.status !== 1) {
    db.prepare("UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, error=? WHERE id=?")
      .run("error", submit.data.request, lastInsertRowid);
    return null;
  }

  const captchaId = submit.data.request;
  db.prepare("UPDATE captcha_solves SET captcha_id=?, status=? WHERE id=?")
    .run(captchaId, "polling", lastInsertRowid);

  let polls = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 5000));
    polls++;
    const poll = await axios.get("https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php", {
      params: { key: API_KEY, action: "get", id: captchaId, json: 1 },
    });

    if (poll.data.status === 1) {
      const elapsed = Date.now() - new Date(submittedAt).getTime();
      db.prepare(
        "UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, solution=?, solved_at=?, elapsed_ms=?, polls=? WHERE id=?"
      ).run("solved", poll.data.request, new Date().toISOString(), elapsed, polls, lastInsertRowid);
      return poll.data.request;
    }
    if (poll.data.request !== "CAPCHA_NOT_READY") {
      db.prepare("UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, error=?, polls=? WHERE id=?")
        .run("error", poll.data.request, polls, lastInsertRowid);
      return null;
    }
  }

  db.prepare("UPDATE captcha_solves SET status=?, polls=? WHERE id=?")
    .run("timeout", polls, lastInsertRowid);
  return null;
}

Fehlerbehebung

Verwandte Leitfäden

• Redis für CAPTCHA-Token-TTL-Verwaltung
• Strukturiertes Logging für CAPTCHA-Operationen
• API-Antwortformate und Fehlercodes